Usually, Web hosts use either
Linux or Microsoft Windows NT Server, but some may let you choose.
Selecting a server is more crucial when you are purchasing a machine
that will be maintained by your own Web developers, most likely for
a colocation setup or if you are going to maintain the website yourself.
Linux vs. NT
Web servers generally fall into one of two categories:
-
Linux-based and
-
Microsoft Windows NT.
Because loyalties within the Internet
community are held strongly for both systems, it can be hard to
know which is right for you.
Linux a clone of Unix, the older and more popular of the two systems,
has a strong reputation for reliability and power.
On the other hand, many new to the
Web find it difficult to understand and navigate. NT is regarded
as easier to use than Linux for data-driven Web sites; it also supports
the user-friendly Web page design tools in Microsoft’s FrontPage
software.
Which should you choose?
Visitors using any of a host of computer and browser combinations
will be able to access your site, regardless of whether you choose
a Linux or an NT Server. While there are distinct differences between
the two types, this may be the most difficult decision for a novice
buyer to make.
If you or your Web developers have a
preference, choose the server system with which you feel most comfortable;
if you wish to use software on your Web site that can only run on
a specific server (e.g. Apache for Linux, IIS for NT) you should
choose to locate your Web site using that server.
What is Web server software?
Web server software is the application that
runs on your computer and makesWeb pages stored on your computer
available to Internet users. It also co-ordinates such things as
secure e-commerce transactions and streaming audio and video.
Web server software can also be integrated
with databases to make information stored in your database available
to Internet users.
What are some popular Web server programs?
Unlike operating systems, of which there are
fairly few, there are quite a variety of different Web server software
packages out there. We'll look at some pros and cons of each.
Apache
Apache lends itself particularly well to projects
that are heavily Java based. It offers superior handling of the
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) application program interface
(a program which allows Java-based services to access information
stored in SQL-compliant databases).
Apache, like Linux, is a piece of open-source
software. It's maintained by a group of programmers who create the
software for the thrill of it - not for any expected financial gain.
Apache was born in early 1995, as free Web server software based
around NCSA httpd 1.3, which was the most popular Web server of
the day, and a bunch of software patches. From that it earned it's
moniker, which stands for "A PAtCHY server." Since then,
it has been completely re-written, and has become the most popular
WWW server on the Internet.
Apache pros:
- Open source updates.
it's constantly being updated and you can add functionality as
it becomes available.
- Free. The software is free. It's hard to
beat that price.
- Multi-platform support. Apache can be used
on systems that have 80x86-series (i.e. Intel) processors running
either Linux or NT as an OS, or on other computers running a Unix-type
OS on a different processor.
- Popular. Apache is the most-used Web server
software package in the world. As such, it's unlikely that further
development of the software will ever cease.
Apache cons:
- No Support. Apache's developers do not provide
any type of support for their product. There are third-party companies
that provide Apache support, but you have to pay for it.
- Runs best on Linux. Given two machines with
the same hardware and different operating systems (Linux and NT,)
- Apache runs faster on the Linux machine.
This means that if you decide to go with Apache, you should also
use Linux to get maximum performance. If you've decided to use
NT, it makes more sense to use the Web server Microsoft includes
with that OS.
Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)
Essentially, IIS is the server software of
choice if you want to run an ASP-based site.
IIS is Microsoft's main business offering in
the Web server software market. Billed as more of an extension of
the operating system, it is included on the "Windows NT Option
Pack" CD that comes bundled with NT 4.0. As a Windows-based
application, it offers the same ease of use as many other Windows
applications, including "Wizards" that assist with setup
and maintenance of the software. It should be easy for anyone familiar
with the NT OS to set up.
IIS really shines when it comes to the handling
of Active Server Pages (ASPs), pages that are generated by the Web
server software using Active X scripting - usually Visual Basic
Script or JavaScript code. IIS offers superior ASP-based interface
to ODBC sources like Access and SQL-Server.
IIS Pros:
- Microsoft product. Since IIS is a Microsoft
product, it not only has the same heavy backing as other Microsoft
products, but is integrated seamlessly into the OS itself. This
means you can do things like drag and drop files into the software
for instant availability on the Web with a minimum of hassle.
- Comes free with NT. If you do decide that
NT is the best OS to use, IIS is included in the box.
- Limits bandwidth. Unlike other server software,
IIS has the ability to limit how much bandwidth your web pages
have available. Thus, if your ISP charges extra if you use more
than a given amount of bandwidth in a month, you can set your
Web server to limit itself to using that much bandwidth, saving
you from having to pay an extra monthly fee.
- Crash protection. If one application
running on the server crashes, the Web server and other applications
continue to run, and the failed application restarts the next
time a user requests it.
IIS Cons:
- Limited to NT-based systems. IIS is not
available for use on non-NT systems. This means that if you think
a UNIX-based OS is what you're looking for, you can't use IIS.
- Closed source. As with NT, the source code
to IIS is
- Microsoft's proprietary information - you
can't get access to it to make changes. This also means that there
aren't many third-party developers working on improving the core
software.
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